Feng Shui - Water Source water needs to be treated with respect

Advocates, business lawyers, senior advocates, property lawyers in Bangalore

In ancient china, Feng shui was not an esoteric discipline practiced only by certain tribal members it was an integral part of native culture, something that touched everyone's life. The development of Chinese culture is reflected in Feng Shui. Throughout the development of the human civilization, new philosophies were combined with life space placement, beginning with astrology, astronomy and mathematics, which supplied intricate charts and designs to help farmers and even peasants build palaces, public buildings and  Residences.

Feng Shui with its strong links with principles of Taoism is not just a powerful aid in improving and achieving various aspirations in our life but transforms the energy of our place of dwelling. Before Taoism was founded in ancient China, there were shamans who lived in harmony with their natural environment. These shamans often dwelled in mountain hideaways and served local communities by interpreting the omens, predicting weather cycles and were spiritual links between the local population and the invisible mystic world.

Taoism is attributed to a philosopher named Lao Tzu during the Chou Dynasty around 580 Be. After many years of study he became enlightened and traveled far and wide in China. His Insights and thoughts were so practical and when he documented it , it came to be known as Tao Te Ching. This book on Philosophy a manual of self-transformation and meditation written about the "Tao" (the way) got to be known as TAOSIN.if there is one Taoist belief most strongly associated with fengshui, it is this: - nature is the ultimate power and humans, as part of nature, benefit by following the natural laws. With the increase in popularity of Fengshui, the belief that placing enhancers and Gadgets as found in many Fengshui books and stores around the world is the real solution - to aligning and correcting a space has become fashionable. Many have attempted Fengshui as a past time or hobby. This is alright to the extent that some basics would be followed and the space cleared and opened out to receive the positive energy but certainly not a tool to experiment with We need to remember that Authentic fengshui calls for a detailed analysis of the space and its afflictions and the symbols and Gadgets are part of the enhancing process of the corrective measures and the Gadgets or symbol do not become the complete remedy to a defect in the building. The Eastern Countries where Feng Shui is strictly being followed have immense respect for the Feng Shui masters Knoweldge and audit of the premises. The Fengshui Masters known as Geomancers (those who are able to understand the earth's Energy field and balance it) are valued for the skill of their "eyes" which locates the defect and affliction during an audit. Each house is unique and the layouts and orientations of the furniture and the people living in it are different and it is akin to the finger print of an individual for which a copy or replica does not exist so when fengshui is adapted for corrections, it becomes very specific ..

When we speak about orientations and directions a proper judgement and understanding of the advanced Compass school is quite essential in order that errors are not committed in identification and placement.

A tricky situation is positioning Water either in the form of a pond, fountain or even swimming pools. In Feng Shui, water signifies wealth and plays a major role in Fengshui recommendations. One needs to be cautious as excess water or large water is a source of potential danger 

and I-ching (the book of changes originating from Taoism) says that "water needs to be treated with respect". Water features are good (on the basis of general recommendation) when placed in North or East. If it is a waterfall ensure that the flow of water is towards the home or door or atleast a window and not flowing out of the house.

Water Ponds are very good in North and if they contain Water lily or Lotus it is considered more 

auspicious. There are many homes with swimming pools and one should remember that although water or swimming pool at the back of the house is not very good, it is exempted if the family spends more time there as this transforms it into Yang (positive) energy due to the activity of the people. However if the swimming pools at the backyard is with water and very quiet, it is very bad due to the build up of Yin (negative) energy.

Remember that water brings in good wealth luck but could also have extreme negative effects and imbalances if placed in the wrong direction or if they are too big and overpowering. I personally do not recommend large swimming pools in a home as they are overpowering to the home and store excessive amount of water.

Anything in excess does have its negative implications and we need to keep in mind that Feng shui is all about creating the Right Balance that is balancing the YIN and the YANG and restore equilibrium in our place of dwelling. Exercising caution and a proper judgement are the final answers prior to implementation of any changes.

aMore on the theory and practicalities of Fengshui would be given to you in the corning weeks but meanwhile please do ensure that your house is Free of clutter.

Restrictions on Transfer of Property

Advocates, business lawyers, senior advocates, property lawyers in Bangalore

The ownership of immovable property is classified into freehold and leasehold. Freehold rights would provide the owner an absolute ownership of such property. This means that the owner has full freedom to deal with the property as he likes without any restrictions. Under leasehold right, the lessee does not get any right of ownership, but only a right of possession and enjoyment subject to the restrictions imposed by the lessor. The three important rights enjoyed by the owner of property are:

1) Right to use

2) Right to destroy and

3) Right to transfer

No Fundamental Right :

The important right is the right to transfer. It may be noted that this right to transfer is not an absolute right, but it is subject to the restrictions imposed by the law. In this regard the first and foremost important restriction flows from the Constitution of India. Before the 44th amendment to the Indian Constitution, Right to property was  a fundamental right u/a 31 dealing with Right to own property and u/a 19 (1) (f) dealing with Right to dispose and enjoy property. These two rights were protected by Art 13 (1) (2) in the Indian Constitution, which provided that any law including rules, regulations, notifications, ordinance etc. to the extent they violate fundamental rights are void.

This protection has come to an end by the 44th Amendment, deleting Right to property in the chapter of Fundamental rights and placing it in the ordinary rights chapter i.e. Art 300 A. Thus, the right to property, more so of immovable property, is no more a fundamental right.

Various States have enacted laws, imposing restrictions on the rights of the owner of the property. The Government of Karnataka has prescribed certain ceiling on holding of the agricultural property by persons, companies, societies etc. under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961. The limit prescribed depends upon the type of land. If the holdings are in excess of prescribed limits, the excess of the holdings will vest with the Government of Karnataka. The Karnataka Land Reforms Act generally prohibits transfer of agricultural property to non-agriculturists and persons having source of income more than Rs.2 lakhs (average for last 5 year income) from non-agricultural sources. Though agricultural property cannot be transferred to non-agriculturists, Karnataka Land Revenue Act provides for conversion of agricultural land to non agricultural land and such converted land can be transferred to non-agriculturists.

Land Acquisition :

There is another important legislation i.e., Land Acquisition Act, 1898, which provides for acquisition of property for public purpose. Once the Government issues preliminary notification for the acquisition of such land, whether agricultural or non-agricultural, such property cannot be transferred to any other person. Here again, authorities competent to acquire property are the Central or State Government and other Government agencies like BDA, KIADB, KHB etc.

Zonal Regulation :

The Comprehensive Development Plan has categorized the areas into various zones like residential, commercial, industrial, green belt area etc., and has also prescribed the various activities which can be carried on in such zones. Permission from planning authorities is required for any change in the land use. In green belt area, only agricultural and allied activities are permitted.

PTCL  Act :

The important social welfare Act with regard to Transfer of property is “The Karnataka SC & ST (PTCL) Act, 1978. The preamble of the Act provides that “An Act to provide for the prohibition of transfer of certain lands granted by the government to persons belonging to the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the state, which means any land granted to the landless agricultural labourers belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes cannot be purchased without the permission of the Government. Any one who purchases such a property will not get clear and marketable title; such property will be eventually acquired by Government and returned to the original owner without any compensation to the purchaser.”

These restrictions on the transfer of property are social in nature i.e., to give effect to the importance of Directive Principles of State policy provided u/a 39(b) & 48A of the Indian Constitution Art 39(b) of the Indian Constitution provides that:

1)       The ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to sub-serve the common good. 

2)       Article 48 A in the Indian Constitution provides that the state shall endeavor to protect 

and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.

Transfer of Property Act :

In the Transfer of Property Act, there are certain restrictions on the transfer of property. The purpose of imposing restrictions on transfer of property in the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 is to protect the interests of creditors and persons having better title to the property and to prevent property being removed from trade and commerce.

There are two kinds of restrictions on the transfer of property. They are:

(1) Restrictions to protect the society as a whole,

(2) Restrictions to protect the interest of transferor creditors and people having better title.

According to sec.5, transfer of property could be effected only between living persons and hence no property can be transferred to an unborn person. However, Sec 13 provides for transfer of property to any living person to be held for the benefit of such unborn person.

Sec. 10 in the T.P. Act provides that any condition imposed by the Transferor to the Transferee absolutely from parting with or disposing of his interest in the property is void. This provision facilitates transfer of property by transfer without any restrictions. However, the Act allows temporary restrictions. Various development authorities and societies restrict alienation for some period. This freedom of transferee can be curtailed in case of lease for the benefit of lessor, property transferred to woman, for the benefit of woman not being a Hindu, Mohammedan or Buddhist, so that she shall not have power during her marriage to transfer or charge the  same  or her beneficial interest thereon.\

Sec. 52 – Doctrine of Lispendens, which provides that if any suit relating to immovable property is pending in a competent court of law and during such pendency, if property is transferred, such transfer is subject to decision given by the court.

Sec. 53 deals with fraudulent transfer. It prohibits transfer of property if the purpose and intention behind such transfer is to defraud or delay payment to the creditors of the transferor.

The other restrictions are: Occupant of land under Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 [Sec. 48], Grantee of land under Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 [Sec. 77], Occupancy not transferable without sanction of prescribed authority, Karnataka Land Revenue Act 1964 [Sec. 100].

Purchase of property NRI / POI :

Foreign nationals of non-Indian origin residing outside India cannot purchase any immovable property in India. Persons of Indian origin means persons who held an Indian Passport any time earlier or whose father or grandfather was a citizen of India.

Non-resident Indians can purchase residential and commercial properties without any restriction on ceiling on the number of properties.  The only restriction on the non-resident Indians is that they cannot purchase agricultural, farm / plantation property. In this regard non-resident Indians need not have to send any document or statement to Reserve Bank of India, Government of India or to any bank—before, during or after such purchase. This freedom is available to all non-residents who are either citizens of India (i.e., holding Indian Passport) or who are persons of Indian origin. This freedom is available for buying residential or commercial property.

An article about " Forums for resolving Consumer Disputes "

Forums for resolving Consumer Disputes

The Consumer Protection Act 1986 provides three tier adjudication of disputes between the complainant and the opposite party. These adjudication bodies are 
(1) District Forum, 
(2)State Commission and 
(3) National Commission. 
Hierarchy-wise District Forum is the lowest redressal agency. The District Forum consists of three members: the President and two members. The President will be a judicial member and members are non-judicial persons, who have knowledge and experience of minimum ten years dealing with the problems relating to economics, law, commerce, accountancy, industry, public affairs or administration with a bachelor degree from a recognized university and who is not below the age of 35 years. One of the members shall be a woman. They must be persons of ability, integrity and standing.

property advocates in Bangalore, property lawyers in Bangalore

Jurisdiction

The District Forum has powers to entertain complaints, where the value of goods, services or compensation claimed does not exceed Rs.Twenty lakhs. Apart from financial jurisdiction, the District Forum has territorial jurisdiction. A complaint may be lodged in District Forum within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the opposite party and if there are more than one opposite party, each of the opposite party normally resides or carries on business or has a branch office or personally works for gain at the time of institution of complaint, or any of the opposite parties where there are more than one, normally resides or carries on business, or has a branch office or personally works for gain. Permission of the District Forum is necessary or alternatively the other opposite parties who do not reside in the jurisdiction of the District Forum have to agree for such filing of complaint. Even the complaint may be filed in District Forum in whose jurisdiction is the whole or part of cause of action arises.

Limitation

The limitation period is two years from the date on which cause of action has arisen. The Forum may permit filing of the complaint even after the limitation period of two years, if the complainant satisfies the forum about the sufficient reasons / causes for delay in filing the complaint. However, the forum has to record reasons for having waived the limiation period. Consumer Protection Act 1986 has prescribed certain procedures for filing a complaint with the District forum. The complaint shall be within the pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction and shall be within the limitation period. The complaints along with the supporting documents shall be filed before the District forum, in addition to as many copies as the number of respondents.

The District Forum entertains complaints, which are related to goods sold, or agreed to be sold or delivered or to any services provided or agreed to be provided. The complainant; i.e. the person who files complaint must be a consumer to whom goods are sold or agreed to be sold or delivered, any services provided or agreed to be provided. Any recognized consumer association may also prefer a complaint. It is not necessary that the consumer who has actually suffered should be a member of such an association. In case there are more than one consumer, where all the consumers have common interest, any one may file a complaint with the permission of forum. The Central or State Government may file a complaint in its individual capacity  or as a representative of consumer interests in general. Each and every complaint to the District Forum shall have proof for having paid the prescribed fee.

Depending upon the merits of the case, the forum may accept the complaint or reject it. But no complaint will be rejected unless an opportunity is provided to the complainant to present his case. The District Forum has to decide about the admissibility of the complaint within twenty-one days of receipt of complaint. When once the complaint is admitted by the District Forum, it shall not be transferred to any other court, tribunal or authority set-up under any law, which is in  force for the time being.

After admission of complaint, the district forum forwards the copy of the admitted complaint to the opposite party, within twenty-one days of admission of complaint, for submission of his version of the case. The opposite party has to submit his version of the case within thirty days. This period may be extended by another fifteen days at the discretion of the forum.

The opposite party may deny or dispute the allegations contained in the complaint or may even ignore the complaint. If necessary the District forum may arrange for analysis of disputed goods. In such cases, the complainant who has opted for analysis has to deposit the fees as specified with the forum for payment to the appropriate laboratory. The disputed goods have to be tested and analyzed only at a recognized appropriate laboratory. The forum shall seal the sample of the disputed goods, authenticate and forward to the appropriate laboratory with the fees directing to analyse the goods to find out whether the goods suffer from any defects as alleged in the complaint or any other defect and report to the forum. The report from the laboratory shall be made available to the forum within forty-five days of reference. This time limit may be extended at the discretion of the forum. On receipt of the report, the District forum forwards a copy of the report along with its remarks to the opposite party. If any of the parties disputes the finding of  appropriate laboratory or the procedure followed for analysis, such objections have to be filed in writing with the forum. Thereafter, after providing reasonable opportunity to the complainant and opposite party and based on the evidence brought before it is the forum shall settle the consumer dispute. The forum may also pass Ex-parte orders based on the evidence by the complainant, if the opposite party fails to take any action or to represent his case. If the complainant fails to appear on the date of hearing before the forum, the complaint may be dismissed or decided on merits.

Time limit for disposal

Sections 13, 14 & 15 of the consumer Protection Act 1986, deal with procedure and is to be followed by the District Forum. The Act has laid down that every complaint shall be heard as expeditiously as possible and every effort should be made to decide the complaint within three months from the date of receipt of notice by the opposite party. In case the commodity which is the subject matter of complaint requires analysis or testing in an appropriate laboratory, the case shall be decided within five months from the date of receipt of notice by the opposite party. Generally the Forum does not permit any adjournments unless sufficient reason is shown and the Forum has to record in writing the reasons for any adjournment given. If the case cannot be decided within the prescribed time frame the Forum has to record in writing, the reasons for such delay. The Act also provides for making orders as to the costs incurred by the adjournments as per the regulation made under the Act. If the cases are complicated requiring recording of evidence of experts, the complainant may be ordered to approach civil court (Indian Medical Association vs. V.P. Shantha (1995) 6 SCC 651. It has been held that the District Forum has no jurisdiction or power to pass any interim orders pending disposal of complaint. (Gulzarilal Agrwal vs Account Officer (1996) 10 SCC 590) and (Morgan Stanley ) vs. Kartica Das. (1994) 4 SCC 225-(1994) 2 CPJ 7(SC)

Powers of the District Forum

As per the Act, the District Forum has the same powers as that of a civil court under civil procedure code 1908 on following matters.

1. Summoning and enforcing attendance of any defendant or witness and examining the witness on oath.

2. The discovery and production of any document or other material object producible as evidence.

3. Receiving evidence on affidavits.

4. Calling for the concerned analysis or test reports from the appropriate authority or any other relevant source.

5. Issuing of any commission for examination of witness.

Every proceeding before the District forum is a judicial proceeding and the Forum is deemed to be a civil court. Where there are numerous consumers having the same interest, the provision of rule 8 of order 1 of schedule 1 to the Code of Civil procedure 1908, shall apply subject to the modification that every reference to the suit of decree shall be construed as a reference to the complaint or the order of the District Forum there on. This provision is inserted by the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act 2002. The said rule states that where there are numerous persons having some interest in one suit, one or more persons with the permission of the court may institute legal proceedings, on behalf or for the benefit of all the persons so interested.

In case of the death of the complainant or the opposite party, the provisions of Order XXII of the first schedule to the Civil Procedure Code shall apply, with a slight modification that, every reference therein to the words plaintiff and defendant shall be construed as reference to the complainant or the opposite party as the case may be. Order XXII of the Civil Procedure Code deals with death, marriage, and insolvency of parties to the suit. As the purpose of this article is to inform the common man the basic principles of Consumer Protection Act, the details of the provisions of civil procedure will not be dealt with here.

Findings of the District Forum

         

If after conducting the proceedings as prescribed and if the Forum is satisfied, that:

1) The goods in question suffer from defects Or

2) The allegations against services referred in the complaint are proved, the Forum will issue an order to the opposite party to do the following things;

a)  To remove the defects in the goods as pointed out by the appropriate laboratory, if possible.

b)  To replace the goods with new goods of similar type which are free from defects.

c)  To refund to the complainant the price of the goods or as the case may be, the charges paid by the complainant.

d) To pay such amounts as may be awarded by the Forum as compensation to the consumer (Complainant) for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the negligence of opposite party.

e)  To remove the deficiencies in service in question.

f)  To discontinue the unfair trade practice or restrictive trade practice or not to repeat them.

g)  Not to offer hazardous goods for sale.

h) To stop manufacture of hazardous goods and to desist from offering services which are hazardous in nature.

i)  To pay the amounts as determined by the Forum if in its opinion loss or injury has been suffered by large number of consumers who are not identifiable conveniently. Such compensation shall be not less than five percent of the value of the defective goods sold or services provided. The Forum may also order to credit such compensation in favour of a particular person or may direct how such compensation may have been utilized.

j)  To issue corrective advertisement at the cost of the opposite party to neutralize the effect of misleading advertisements released by the opposite party.

k)  To provide for adequate costs to parties.

The opposite party may have to do any one or more of the things depending upon the findings of the Forum.

The proceedings of the District Forum have to be conducted by its President together with at least one member. If a member is unable to conduct the entire proceedings for any reason the President together with the other members shall continue and complete the proceedings. Every order of the Forum has to be signed by the President and the member or members who conducted the proceedings. In some cases the President and the member who conducted the proceedings may differ on certain points. In such cases they refer these points to the other member for hearing. The opinion of the majority shall be the order of the Forum.

Any party aggrieved by the orders of the District Forum may prefer an Appeal to the State Commission. The limitation period is thirty days from the date of order. However, the State Commission may admit the appeals received after the limitation period, if it is satisfied that there was sufficient reason for the delay. But the person preferring an appeal has to deposit fifty percent of the amount if any ordered to be paid by the District Forum or Rupees Twenty five thousand, whichever is less. If no appeal is preferred against the orders of the District Forum, the order shall be  final.

An article about " Part performance of the contract "

Part performance of the contract

Sale of an immovable property is an act of contract between the parties, wherein each party to the contract has got definite duties to be performed, such as, the vendor has to establish the clear and marketable title to the property and at the time of registration, has to handover the title deeds along with the vacant possession of the property. On the other hand, the purchaser has to pay the sale consideration as agreed and co-operate in completing the registration formalities.

It is very important for the seller and the buyer to enter into an Agreement to sell before executing Sale Deed. The reason is that such agreement will bind both the parties to the agreement and makes it obligatory to perform their duties as envisaged in the agreement. The seller and the buyer will be on the disadvantageous position if the agreement is not executed because the purchaser may not co-operate in paying consideration as agreed by both of them and on the other hand, the seller may even restrain from proceeding to convey the property at the time of registration, leading to lot of problems. So it is advisable to execute agreement prior to executing sale deed.

Generally, vacant possession of the property is handed over to the purchaser at the time of registration, but in certain cases, the vendor will handover the vacant possession of the property to the purchaser before the registration of the sale deed. This act of the parties to the contract is called part performance.

Rights of the Purchaser:

Section 53-A of Transfer of Property Act recognizes part performance. The purchaser, who gets possession of the property under terms of contracts, pending registration of sale deed, gets equitable rights.The seller cannot enforce eviction against the purchaser once he has parted with the possession of the property as per the agreed terms of contract. The purchaser can enjoy peaceful possession of the property even before the sale deed is executed and registered. Section 29 of Registration Act also recognizes the part performance.

Requirements:

Section 53 A of Transfer of property Act stipulates certain mandatory conditions to establish part performance of the contract, as discussed below:

1.       It must be contract for transfer of immovable property for consideration.

2.       It must be in writing.

3.       It must have been signed by the seller or his authorized agents.

4.     The terms of contract shall be clear, unambiguous and certain, wherein the act of part performance should also be part of the contract.

5.     The vendor, in pursuance of the contract should have put the purchaser in the vacant possession of the property. The purchaser should have taken the possession and if already in possession shall continue to be in possession.

6.     The purchaser must have made part payment of the sale consideration and should be willing to perform his part of terms and conditions agreed upon.

Enforce ability of Equitable right of the purchaser:

The equitable right bestowed on the purchaser can be enforced by the purchaser against the seller or anybody claiming under him. It cannot be enforced against party who has purchased the property for consideration without the knowledge of contract of part performance. As regards the right of the seller is concerned, the only remedy available for the seller is to initiate civil suit against the purchaser, seeking recovery of the balance sale consideration.

Non-application of the act of part performance:

• As regards Gifts: The applicability of part performance has two important ingredients, firstly, the existence of written contract and secondly payment of consideration. The transfer should involve the element of consideration to be paid by the transferee. 
• The concept of Part Performance is not applicable in case of gifts since the essence of the gift is transfer of property without consideration and existence of consideration is mandatory to ascertain as to whether the contract involves part performance or not. 
• As regards Co-Owners: The doctrine of Part Performance will not be available against other Co-Owners who are neither the signatories nor have signed such agreement as consenting witnesses. Thus, even the agreement is valid to the extent of the seller’s share, the same cannot be enforced against the other co-owners since there is not privity of contract between the purchaser and the other Co-owners. 
• As regards Minors: The doctrine of Part Performance cannot be invoked in case of property involving minor’s share and though the Guardian of the minor enters into the contract on behalf of the minor, the same is not valid since minor is not competent to enter into contract and enforcement of the contract by the minor is not valid. 
•  Thus, it may be concluded that the doctrine of Part Performance, as envisaged under the TP Act, confers only an equitable right over the purchaser in order to defend his possession, but cannot be enforced against those to whom the property is conveyed legally and as required under law. Thus, Part performance is only a weapon to defend the possession, having acquired under legally valid agreement does not validate the agreements or contracts which is, prima-facie, illegal.
• At the time of entering into the agreement, both the seller and the purchaser should incorporate the clause which would clearly depict the concept of part performance, by virtue of which the purchaser will be handed over the possession of the property.

However, if the possession of the same is agreed to be parted by the seller to the purchaser, then the stamp duty will have to be paid on such agreement, which will be equivalent to the stamp duty required to be paid on conveyance deed or sale deed.

An article about " Needs of a Residential Office "

Needs of a Residential Office

Soho or small-office-home-office means having an office at home. This concept has recently become a reality. Just imagine having flexible working hours, no need for commuting and having so much more spare time for the family; We can be at the peak of our efficiency and function peacefully.

Life in metros can be rather hectic for employees including the long commutes that they may have to make. For this particular reason, many Delhi people prefer to work from home. According to the Master Plan 2021 doctors,lawyers, architects and chartered accountants are permitted to operate from their residences. Five additional categories have now been added to that list: engineers (including IT professionals), town planners, company secretaries, costs and work accountants, documentary makers and media professionals.

Sources in the urban development ministry specify that professionals in this list could run offices either from their own or rented homes. That includes basements. Just like in the rest of the world, many people here too are now operating from their homes and this is a fact that has to be accepted.

It may not be as easy as it sounds however and one has to be prepared to have one's privacy invaded by outsiders and there will be problems connected with setting up the office and the necessary infrastructure. Once this task is over, we have to deal with the next step.

For privacy needs, the space you choose for work will have to be either a quiet spot or a room that is soundproof. Placing thick panels or plywood in the right spots should help in lowering the sounds coming in. you may have to keep one eye on the home while you are at work, and for this it is best to use lightweight, movable screens for separating the area.

You should being by making an estimate of your filing and storage needs. This means the files, books, catalogs and discs that you need to store. If it is a small area you must use it to the maximum potential. You can have filing cabinets, shelves, built in drawers to save space and free standing storage pieces as partitions. Pre laminated particle board or plywood can be used to make cabinets made to order. If you have ,very small spaces which need to be ,utilized after work timings, you could use collapsible units.

Most home offices are operated by computers that have broad band ,connectivity. However you may need Ilia fax, TV, DVD and copier too - according to your requirement. 'Phone lines and consumption of electricity are also noteworthy points. It is also important to have both general and task lighting for the daytime as well as the night, particularly if you have a computer. ,In order to prevent a glare the monitor should be kept perpendicular to a window.

Your work place should be organized ergonomically. The monitor must be placed either at, or ..,,slightly lower than eye level in order to be comfortable at work. Hands should be in a straight line when they ware on the keyboard with the forearms level or slightly up tilted. You should 1111Pbe able to adjust your chair to permit your feet to rest flat on the floor. There must be strong back support in the chair.

A converter run UPS with a long, battery life is essential for coping with power cuts and a supply that is often cut short. Security and storage of data needs a system that is fool proof.

Spend only as much time in your office as your work commitment requires. When work is over it is time ago lock up and let go. Don't allow the fact that your office is in the vicinity of your home to make you occupy it overtime.

An article about " Enhancing the charm of Gardens "

Enhancing the charm of Gardens

 

You can enliven your garden with all sorts of décor objects such as terracotta pottery, a rockery, a water body, various sizes and colors of pebbles, wind chimes, colorful lanterns or bamboo candle stands etc. For obtaining a contemporary look in this space which is your little sanctuary of rest, you could include some more details in it.

For a pretty and Bohemian touch make hanging lights of metal or terracotta with many holes in them. On the other hand you could have unique garden lights stuck to the walls of the garden. You can also have a pathway embedded with spotlights. A really way-out idea is to keep a frosted light bulb inside a humungous mushroom in your garden or a fiberglass or plaster of Paris garden toad.

Another idea is to make a small sand garden for keeping your child's toys or for your rabbit to scamper in. Groups of Rajasthani pebbles kept around a body of water or along a hedge will make a pretty sight and you could even arrange them in a pattern on the ground. Accessories like small farm creatures, little blue snails or frogs made out of porcelain will look cute and quaint near a water body.

There is a device to show the direction of the wind called a weather or wind vane which you could fix in the garden. It is attached to a high object like a roof and is movable. It may often be in the shape of a cockerel and shows the four directions, north, south east and west. Some people use arrows or designs of farm animal motifs, cats, dogs, aquatic motifs, transportation icons etc in various metals like copper and aluminum.

Another way of calming the atmosphere is to keep wind chimes which are available in different metals and terracotta. They could be three feet or more in size. Instead you could have various kinds of bells and keep them near the patio. They could be kept at the door opening into the garden or in a deck in the garden area, from where they would give off the homely sound of tinkling bells with the breeze.

Figures of angels with watering jugs or fairies on both sides of a swing will also look heavenly. Lattice frames of metal or wood kept as dividers or against the garden wall look nice when green plants grow over them. Huge, wide containers made of cement filled with shallow water can be kept in the garden with lotus or any green leafy water plant growing in them. By placing a bunch of bamboo in a container you can create a shady corner.

Unique plants like the twisted ficus tree look nice when planted in a row. Trees of interesting shapes, short and stout ones with thick trunks and fruity plants planted in between will give a focal point to the garden. A wonderful idea is to tie a hammock between two trees or metal poles for relaxing on a summer's day. Another way is to put a hooded canvas umbrella with a metal stand for a twosome or small dinner in the garden. There is an endless variety of clever ideas to beautify your garden.

An article about " RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF DEVELOPER AND BUILDER "

RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF DEVELOPER AND BUILDER

It is an accepted truth that every person aspire to have his own Dream Home and it is not an exaggeration even if it is termed as Life Time Achievement to a common man.

In this regard, more than the common man who desire to own a House, the Role of the Builder vis-a-vis the Developer plays vital, in as much as he has certain Rights and Duties on his shoulders.

Amongst other things, first and foremost is that the Builder/Developer of a house/flat should ensure that the Purchaser who approaches him shall have abundant happiness in having acquired the House/Flat, and not only to himself but also to his family and his relatives shall have a peaceful life.

The Builder/Developer need not do any magic, or compromise in his legitimate earnings, but it would suffice if he is honest and shall avoid malpractices such as using low quality material for construction, not following the laid down rules and regulations of Statutory Authorities and should not be greedy and exploit the situation and harass the Purchaser.

After all, the Builder/Developer shall also have his own house and he should be responsible for his conscious and ensure that the houses/flats built by him and sold to the Purchasers, who purchase the same with their hard earned money shall enjoy living in it peacefully and happily during their life time.

The Builder/Developer shall get benefited from the Purchaser who is happy since he shall not only bless the Builder/Developer but will canvass for his business resulting which the business shall prosper and enable the Builder/Developer to reach a new scale of heights besides becoming more wealthy and influential.

So, owning a good and happy Home is very precious, providing which is in the hands of the Builder/Developer.